METS即将发布2.0版

美国国会图书馆维护的METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard: 元数据编码和传输标准) 最近即将推出2.0版(嘿嘿,很时髦),这个版本与1.*版不完全兼容,所以需要引起注意(即将来支持2.*版软件不是当然地能够处理1.*版数据)。

主要的不同罗列如下:

* Changing terminology from “extension schema” to “external schema” in keeping with a parallel change to METS documentation.
* Allow for no content as a means of indicating when the Profile makes no statement about the usage of an area in the Profile.
* Add the ability to state requirements in machine-readable ways.
* Add a Document Model section. This section will be made up of simple text describing what the objects are that the Profile deals with, and could include information such as whether the profile is intended for an OAIS SIP, AIP, or DIP).
* {file: 00000013.xml}Add a Use Cases section. This section would either link to descriptions already posted online by the Profile creator, or embed within the Profile documentation such as a diagram of a business process that uses a METS document conforming to the profile.  It would primarily be used to describe different requirements for METS documents at different points in their project Lifecycle with a single profile, connecting a processing action with a specific feature of a METS document.
* Allow some XHTML markup inside elements of the Profile intended for textual documentation.
* Allow the expression of requirements for a profile in multiple languages.
* Add the ability to attach XML snippets as examples to requirements specified in the Profile.
* Add the ability to express** levels (should, must, may, etc. from RFC 2119) on requirements.
* Make separate elements for a URI supplied by the creating institution vs. the one supplied for registered profiles by LC.

请原谅我就不翻译了,METS的中文版早就有中科软的李春晓翻译了(1.6版),这个新的版本他们应该也有兴趣更新吧。一切以METS官网上的版本为准。

METS为元数据和对象数据的打包提供了一种编码模式(schema),最初是美国数字图书馆联盟(DLF)专门为国会图书馆的“美利坚记忆”项目做XML记录用的(我们的“数字图书馆联席会议”也应该仿照这种模式,多做些标准规范),国会图书馆把它作为标准放到了网上,全世界同行正好都缺少打包标准,姑且用之,于是成了当然的标准。其实我们国家图书馆最早的基于DC的标准也提供了一种与数据元素捆绑的打包方式(用于试验型数字图书馆项目?记不真切了),如果当时放到网上去,说不定会被国会图书馆采用了,就没有METS的机会了(算是YY一下吧。METS基本上是2001年研制2002年推出,我们可是98-99年就开始研制,大概也是01-02年左右推出的吧?)

用METS打包我认为还是个权宜之计。METS中的XML元素定义得非常随意,直到今年7月13日才有正式的命名域服务,这就意味着其元素不太可能被其它方案复用(曾经在一次会上建议可以利用METS元素复用到元数据应用刚要Application Profile中去,被张馆长晓林教授BS一番,嘿嘿)。现在该用什么?语义描述方面RDF是比XML更好的编码方式,打包可以用基于XHTML的RDFa;OAI-ORE似乎是专门为复杂数字对象开发的对象模型和编码方式,应该具有广阔的应用前景(以上说得不对,望批评指正)。

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