Archive for the '知识产权' Category
数字图书馆版权障碍如何破局
今天单位干部学习,请了一位法律界人士介绍知识产权,俺不是版权专家,只是从数图研究和从业者的角度,谈一些看法。
1、免费提供大众读书的图书馆为什么会存在?
图书馆买一本书给很多人看,本身就是对于版权私有的一种对冲、补偿甚至反动。照今天坛主的说法(推论一下),给几个人看,就应该买几本书,才没有损害出版商的利益。这样图书馆岂不都变成送书下乡了?以全民税收支持的图书馆事业是站在公共利益基础上,对公民知识权利的一种保障,代表了一种公共权利,是一种制度设计(其中最为典型的如呈缴本制度)。为什么西方腐朽没落的资本主义知识产权制度,能够允许如此美好的图书馆存在涅?因为这个制度实在太美好,同时又不足以危及出版商的利益,可能从某种程度上还能促进出版商利益。
2、“拷贝权利(copy right)”制度为什么已经没落?不能作为数字产权保护的基础?
当拷贝的成本几乎为零的时候,在原子时代建立起来的版权制度(即以“拷贝权利:copy right”为基础的管理模式)就捉襟见肘了。此时任何阻碍拷贝的技术和制度都是反动的、无法持久的。允许任意拷贝才是解放生产力的唯一方式。你见过哪家传统的出版社转型电子出版,业务能够突飞猛进的?你看过哪家发行商由于使用了DRM而真正保护了所谓的版权?答案都是否定的。何也?并不是他们不努力,而是商务模式根本就错了。看一下 Apple, Amazon以及Google等大佬的实践就应该立马清醒了,他们已经侵入了数字内容分发这个新大陆,那些土著们将不堪一击,最终的结果必然是:不合作就灭亡。
这样的话知识产权岂不是将被践踏的一塌糊涂?其实未必,真正可能被颠覆的,只是目前的出版商的利益。但是颠覆出版行业正是数字出版的天然任务,或者说天敌已经来了。不砸烂一个旧世界,就不可能创造一个新世界。你只要看看传统的版权制度给谁带来了最多的好处就知道了。这种腐朽没落的制度,没有给创造的主体——著作权人带来多少利益,相反却保护和滋养了那些寄生虫们,出版商才是腐朽制度的极力拥护者。而信息技术赋予人类的创造性,以及带来的创造和传播成本的降低,必然会缔造全新的商务模式,整个行业的洗牌将不可避免,作为劳苦大众,没有必要对这种颠覆感到恐慌。
3、数字图书馆的版权障碍如何破局?
目前的法律及其实践,实际上远不足以为图书馆(特别是数字图书馆)服务提供明确或足够的依据和保障。今天讲座的坛主说了一句实话:整个法律制度都是利益博弈和平衡的结果(大意)。因此没有必要神话法律,不要相信你做了高尚的事情,法律一定站在你一边。法律都是保障利益集团的,“作者”由于未能形成强有力的“利益集团”而一直被出版商所挟持、所绑架,图书馆更是如此,不扎堆结伙,永远是被人欺负的。
因此希望业界大佬们不要谈法色变,google与出版商和作家协会的官司不是和解了吗,而且使google进入了网络内容分销行业,成为其中最大的零售商。权利不能靠施舍,只能靠抗争,甚至靠“违法”。今天讲座坛主的解惑中我们也可以发现,我们认为当然合法的“合理使用”,其实许多也都是违法的,只是没人“告”诉、我们”掩耳盗林志铃“,”充耳不闻一多“而已。馆长们再谨慎其实都是有风险的,处处暗礁密布,不如未雨绸缪,变被动为主动,积极宣传图书馆的理念与精神,合纵连横,积极地去争取自己的权利和领地。这才是出路。
警惕啊,善良的人们!
让俺做一回标题党。
不过问题的确很严重。问题的严重性并不在于这是个很大的问题,而是我们大家对这个问题的漠视。
反映在我们选择博客的宿主(BSP)、各类2.0服务商,我们的图书馆选择软件和开发公司,以及我们进行的很多开发以及小改小革方面。
这个问题是昨天与来自e-learning领域的xiansf同学讨论的时候想到的。
这个问题就是IP问题
即知识产权保护的问题。
当初遑遑如丧家之犬,也死活不肯去图圈,就是因为图圈所在BSP的版权声明太恶心。虽然俺是nobody,也不愿意被人随便占有。老徐都中招,咱还是躲远点。
具体内容俺就不在这里贴出来了,强盗逻辑,丢人现眼。
倒是贴一个相反的例子给你们瞧瞧。那还用说,肯定是古大哥。它将来做不做恶谁都无法保证,但至少现在还是天使。
这也是俺(到目前为止还)信赖她的原因。
第9部分:
“9.4 除第11条规定的限制许可外,谷歌认知并同意,其不在本条款项下获得您(或您的许可方)对在服务上或通过服务提交、张贴、传输或展示的任何内容的任何权 利、所有权或利益,包括该内容中存在的任何知识产权(无论该等权利是否已经登记,亦不论该等权利在世界的何等地方存在)。除非您与谷歌另有书面协议,否则 您同意您负责保护并强制执行这些权利,谷歌没有义务代表您这样做。”
如果中文的法律文书您看得很叽歪,可以参考英文原文:
看到了吧?她至少把你当个东西,不随便主张对你的所有权,不论你是不是贱到给你一个居所,你就奉献你的灵魂。
很多人认为偶小题大做。
于是一些善良的单位被开发商欺骗,把开源的东西卖给你。(开源是好东西,但有自己的商务模式)。
更多善良的人们根本不在乎有没有协议,并习惯于随便签字。
襁褓中的婴儿都是可爱的,但如果隔壁万二拿着一纸文书声明那是他儿子,或者一出生就被宣告不得长大(因为是开源的种而无法商业运作),你还无所谓吗?
QOTD:版权声明应该改改了
Coyle在他的博文中转述马里兰大学Fred von Lohmann的建议,FBI的标准版权声明应该这样写:
WARNING. Federal law allows citizens to reproduce, distribute, or exhibit portions of copyright motion pictures, video tapes, or video discs under certain circumstances without authorization of the copyright holder. This infringement of copyright is called “Fair use” and is allowed for purposes of criticism, news reporting, teaching, and parody.
警告:联邦法律允许公民在某些特定情况下未经版权持有人许可而复制、发布或展览具有版权的动画、录像带、影碟等资料。这种版权的例外称为“合理使用”,适用于评述、新闻报道、教学以及恶搞。
关于知识产权的近期阅读
- Slashdot | Libraries Say DRM May Harm Their Services # BBC的原文访问不了,只好连接这个摘要 The BBC is reporting that the British Library is concerned about DRM’s effect on its ability to make materials available to the public. Libraries have a legal right to distribute materials under the Fair Use provisions of the copyright law, but DRM systems may block this. Furthermore, they point out that DRM systems don’t automatically switch themselves off when a work goes out of copyright. DRM systems may allow copyright holders to retain control over their material longer than they are legally entitled to. Worse yet, if the software no longer exists to unlock a DRM-protected file, its contents may be lost forever — exactly the thing libraries are intended to prevent.’ We’ve discussed stories like this before.
- SSRN-Google Book Search: Fair Use, Fair Dealing and the Case for Intermediary Copying by Paul Ganley # google数字图书馆计划的法律问题。值得参考 This article examines the legality of Google’s Library Project under U.S. and U.K. copyright law. The Library Project provides a useful example of the divergence in approach to copyright exceptions in these two jurisdictions. In particular, whilst Google’s plans have generated a great deal of controversy, it at least has an arguable case under U.S. law that its use is fair use. No analogous argument can be made under U.K law. The main purpose of this article is to highlight this distinction and to suggest that U.K copyright law is failing to adequately account for transformations in the mode and manner in which individuals interact with information.
- E-LIS – Against intellectual property # 比老槐”遵守但不尊重”有过之而无不及 There is a strong case for opposing intellectual property. Among other things, it often retards innovation and exploits Third World peoples. Most of the usual arguments for intellectual property do not hold up under scrutiny. In particular, the metaphor of the marketplace of ideas provides no justification for ownership of ideas. The alternative to intellectual property is that intellectual products not be owned, as in the case of everyday language. Strategies against intellectual property include civil disobedience, promotion of non-owned information, and fostering of a more cooperative society.
- Columns by PC Magazine: Much Ado over Google Book Search # 一个G拥鼐 Google is grinding through various library collections for every book it can scan, without asking for permission. I, for one, think that’s great. I see that my last book, Online! The Book, is in the collection, but this doesn’t bother me, because I am apparently one of the few out there who has used Google Book Search. I found it anything but a threat to book sales or anything else to do with publishing.
- Wayne Graham’s Blog: Copyright and Intellectual Property # some links on copyright and fair use Once someone has copied your work, your copyright is no longer automatic. It’s then up to you to convince a Federal Judge that you are the copyright owner.
- Stephen’s Web ~ by Stephen Downes ~ # 厉害,图书馆为什么不可以做出版商?! so why not spent the acquisitions budget on publishing instead? Stop paying to buy publications, and start paying to produce them.
- 盗版之我见 – An的视觉箱 – 电影博客 – 互联影库 # 图书馆对于防盗*版还有作用,不是说图书馆就是盗*版吧 在国外就没有盗*版,人家素质高!我说:你Y被骗了!在美国,几乎每一个居民聚居的区都会有一个不错的公共图书馆,
- Open Access News # Andrew Raff has put together Another Google Book Search Commentary Roundup (December 2), ‘the most interesting articles and podcasts about the Google Book Search and copyright law that have been published and posted since [his] last collection of links’ (November 9).
- IPTAblog: Google Print and Fair Use # Google Print is the topic that may single-handedly keep the copyright-related blog world in business for the next few years.
- IPTAblog: Another Google Book Search Commentary Roundup # Here are the most interesting articles and podcasts about the Google Book Search and copyright law that have been published and posted since my last collection of links.
- Public Domain Art in an Age of Easier Mechanical Reproducibility # 博物馆凭什么声称拥有藏品的版权?复杂的版权问题。有空再看。 In principle a work of art has always been reproducible [1]. In all the arts there is a physical component which can no longer be considered or treated as it used to be, which cannot remain unaffected by our modern knowledge and power [2]. Walter Benjamin opened his 1936 essay, Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit, with the first observation quoted above.
- 盗版10年 – demo@virushuo #
- 盗版是打破垄断的利器么? – 李卫公的长安城 #
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